Dryland agriculture, with wide distribution and high yield potential, plays an important role in ensuring food security in China. It is currently limited by water scarcity, soil depletion, water and soil loss, and low non-renewable resource-use efficiency. Green manure has the potential to improve growth environment of crops and promote sustainable high-yield crops by increasing soil quality, balancing soil nutrients, and enhancing soil water-storage capacity. In addition, green manure has ecological benefits, including enhancing agroecosystem biodiversity, increasing soil surface cover degree, reducing ineffective nutrient loss to environment, improving air balance of farmland systems, and biological control of diseases, insect pests, and weeds. Under current scenario of intensified global climate change, environmental deterioration, and agricultural product demand changes, the traditional agronomic techniques of using green manure as a fertilizer cannot satisfy the requirements of agricultural development. Thus, it is necessary to strengthen the selection and bree-ding of green manure genetic resources for dryland agriculture, to develop a new regionalization of green manure, and to establish a cropping pattern based on green manure suitable for different regions. Furthermore, it is important to study and optimize the tillage and cultivation techniques to satisfy modern production and to establish an evaluation system for the comprehensive benefits of green manure. It is needed to establish a green manure application pattern that enables resource and ecological protection for improving ecological environment and economic efficiency of dryland agriculture and provides theoretical basis and technical support for exploiting green manure benefits.
旱地农业分布面积广、增产潜力大,在保障我国粮食安全方面占有重要地位,但也面临着水资源短缺、土壤贫瘠、水土流失严重和不可再生资源利用效率低等问题。绿肥不仅具有提高土壤质量、调节土壤养分和增强土壤水分蓄纳能力,从而改善作物生长环境,促进作物持续高产稳产的作用,而且在增加农田生态系统生物多样性、提高地表覆盖度、减少养分向环境中的无效损失、增强农田系统气体调节功能、提高病虫草害的生物防控等方面也具有显著的生态效益。在全球气候变化加剧、生态环境恶化和农产品需求改变等新形势下,以肥用为主要目的的传统绿肥种植应用技术已不能满足当前农业发展的需求,需要加强旱地绿肥种质资源的选育工作,通过研制新的适应新形势的全国绿肥区划,构建适应不同区域的绿肥种植模式,优化和研发适应现代化生产水平的耕作栽培技术,探究绿肥综合效益评价体系,为旱地农业区改善生态环境、提高经济效益,构建资源节约、生态保育型的绿肥应用模式,充分挖掘绿肥效益提供科学依据和技术支撑。.
Keywords: crop diversity; ecological protection; green manure in dryland conditions; green production; regionalization.