Smart Nanotheranostics Responsive to Pathological Stimuli

Alessandro Parodi; Magdalena Rudzinska; Stefano Leporatti; Yuri Anissimov; Andrey A Zamyatnin Jr

doi:10.3389/fbioe.2020.00503

Smart Nanotheranostics Responsive to Pathological Stimuli

Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2020 May 25:8:503. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00503. eCollection 2020.

Authors

Alessandro Parodi¹, Magdalena Rudzinska¹, Stefano Leporatti², Yuri Anissimov^{1

3}, Andrey A Zamyatnin Jr^{1

4}

Affiliations

¹ Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.
² CNR NANOTEC - Istituto di Nanotecnologia, Polo di Nanotecnologia, Lecce, Italy.
³ School of Environment and Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.
⁴ Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.

Abstract

The development of nanotheranostics represents one of the most dynamic technological frontiers in the treatment of different pathological conditions. With the goal in mind to generate nanocarriers with both therapeutic and diagnostic properties, current research aims at implementing these technologies with multiple functions, including targeting, multimodal imaging, and synergistic therapies. The working mechanism of some nanotheranostics relies on physical, chemical, and biological triggers allowing for the activation of the therapeutic and/or the diagnostic properties only at the diseased site. In this review, we explored new advances in the development of smart nanotheranostics responsive to pathological stimuli, including altered pH, oxidative stress, enzymatic expression, and reactive biological molecules with a deep focus on the material used in the field to generate the particles in the context of the analyzed disease.

Keywords: Enzyme-responsive theranostics; ROS-responsive theranostics; nanotheranostics; pH-responsive theranostics; smart nanoparticles.

Publication types

Review