Determination of insecticides' lethal concentrations and metabolic enzyme levels in Triatoma dimidiata

Salud Publica Mex. 2020 Jul-Aug;62(4):402-409. doi: 10.21149/10133. Epub 2020 Jun 12.

Abstract

Objective: The feasibility of the use of WHO impregnated paper and biochemical assays to determine lethal concentrations (LC50 and LC99) and insecticide metabolic enzyme levels of Triatoma dimidiata.

Materials and methods: LC50 and LC99 were calculated with WHO papers impregnated at different concentrations of malathion, propoxur and deltamethrin; the percentage of insensitive acetylcholinesterase (iAChE); and the levels of esterases, glutathione S-transferases, and monooxygenases in laboratory nymphs of the first stage (5 to 7 days), were undertaken using the WHO biochemical assays.

Results: Respectively the LC50 and LC99 μg/cm2 obtained for malathion were 43.83 and 114.38, propoxur 4.71 and 19.29, and deltamethrin 5.80 and 40.46. A 30% of the population had an iAChE, and only a few individuals had high P450 and β-eterase levels.

Conclusions: Impregnated papers and biochemical tests developed by WHO for other insects, proved to be feasible methods in monitoring insecticide resistance and metabolic enzymes involved in T. dimidiata.

Objetivo: La factibilidad de usar los papeles impregnados y ensayos bioquímicos según la OMS para determinar concentraciones letales (CL50 y CL99) y niveles enzimáticos en la resistencia a insecticidas en Triatoma dimidiata.

Material y métodos: Se calcularon la CL50 y CL99 con papeles impregnados según la OMS a diferentes concentraciones de malatión, propoxur y deltametrina; el porcentaje de acetilcolinesterasa insensible (iAChE); y los niveles de esterasas, glutatión S-transferasas, y monooxigenasas en ninfas de laboratorio del estadio I (5-7 días) se determinaron usando los ensayos bioquímicos según la OMS.

Resultados: Se obtuvieron las CL50 y CL99 μg / cm2 respectivamente para malatión 43.83 y 114.38, propoxur 4.71 y 19.29, y deltametrina 5.80 y 40.46. Un 30% de las chinches tuvo iAChE, y sólo pocos individuos tuvieron niveles superiores de P450 y β-eterasas.

Conclusiones: Los papeles impregnados y ensayos bioquímicos que describe la OMS para otros insectos demostraron ser métodos factibles para monitorear la resistencia a insecticidas y las enzimas metabólicas involucradas en T. dimidiata.

Keywords: Triatoma dimidiata; acetylcholinesterase; cytochromes P450; esterases; glutathione S-transferase; lethal concentrations.

MeSH terms

  • Acetylcholinesterase / analysis
  • Animals
  • Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / analysis
  • Esterases / analysis
  • Feasibility Studies
  • Glutathione Transferase / analysis
  • Insecticide Resistance*
  • Insecticides / toxicity*
  • Lethal Dose 50
  • Malathion / toxicity*
  • Mixed Function Oxygenases / analysis
  • Nitriles / toxicity*
  • Nymph / drug effects
  • Nymph / enzymology
  • Propoxur / toxicity*
  • Pyrethrins / toxicity*
  • Triatoma / drug effects*
  • Triatoma / enzymology
  • World Health Organization

Substances

  • Insecticides
  • Nitriles
  • Pyrethrins
  • decamethrin
  • Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System
  • Propoxur
  • Mixed Function Oxygenases
  • Glutathione Transferase
  • Esterases
  • Acetylcholinesterase
  • Malathion