Survey of Methylmercury Exposures and Risk Factors Among Indigenous Communities in Guyana, South America

L Cynthia Watson; Jorge L Hurtado-Gonzales; Christopher J Chin; Juliana Persaud

doi:10.5696/2156-9614-10.26.200604

Survey of Methylmercury Exposures and Risk Factors Among Indigenous Communities in Guyana, South America

J Health Pollut. 2020 May 4;10(26):200604. doi: 10.5696/2156-9614-10.26.200604. eCollection 2020 Jun.

Authors

L Cynthia Watson¹, Jorge L Hurtado-Gonzales², Christopher J Chin², Juliana Persaud³

Affiliations

¹ Watershed Hydrology and Ecology Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, Ontario, Canada.
² Sustainable Environments and Social Solutions, Ontario, Canada.
³ World Wildlife Fund, Guianas, Guyana Office, Georgetown, Guyana.

Abstract

Background: Gold mining activities in forested areas across Guyana have been a common practice for more than a century. The intensification of artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) in recent decades caused by global market demand is contributing to the mobilization of mercury into aquatic systems. Indigenous populations who consume high levels of locally sourced fish are greater at risk for methylmercury poisoning from ingestion of contaminated fish.

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to investigate the levels of mercury contamination and identify the risk factors associated with hair mercury levels in four indigenous communities in Guyana.

Methods: Concentrations of total mercury were measured in hair samples from 99 participants from four indigenous communities in the south Rupununi region in Guyana. The findings of this study were compared with those of previous studies to assess the prevalence of mercury contamination in indigenous communities across Guyana.

Results: Hair mercury levels were found to be above the World Health Organization (WHO) reference value for residents who live close to ASGM activities and who consume high quantities of locally sourced fish. Our results are not only consistent with those obtained in previous studies, but also evidence that mercury poisoning has become a generalized problem for indigenous communities in Guyana.

Conclusions: Fish is the main source of protein for many riverine communities and consumption of mercury-contaminated fish poses a serious health hazard for these vulnerable populations. The situation is especially dire for community members of Parabara with 100% of participants showing elevated (>15 μg*g^-1) hair mercury levels. It is therefore crucial that Parabara residents be evaluated by relevant health agencies for clinical symptoms related to mercury toxicity.

Participant consent: Obtained.

Ethics approval: The study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Ministry of Public Health, Guyana.

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing financial interests.

Keywords: 2020; South America; artisanal and small-scale gold mining; indigenous people; toxicity.