Sepsis and Septic Shock - Basics of diagnosis, pathophysiology and clinical decision making

Med Clin North Am. 2020 Jul;104(4):573-585. doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2020.02.011. Epub 2020 May 12.

Abstract

Sepsis and septic shock are major causes of mortality among hospitalized patients. The sepsis state is due to dysregulated host response to infection, leading to inflammatory damage to nearly every organ system. Early recognition of sepsis and appropriate treatment with antibiotics, fluids, and vasopressors is essential to reducing organ system injury and mortality. This review summarizes the current understanding of the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of sepsis and septic shock.

Keywords: Critical care; SIRS; Sepsis; Septic shock; Vasopressors; qSOFA.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Blood Pressure / drug effects
  • Clinical Decision-Making*
  • Emergency Service, Hospital
  • Hospital Mortality
  • Humans
  • International Classification of Diseases
  • Organ Dysfunction Scores*
  • Respiratory Rate
  • Sensitivity and Specificity
  • Sepsis / diagnosis*
  • Sepsis / physiopathology
  • Sepsis / therapy
  • Shock, Septic / diagnosis*
  • Shock, Septic / physiopathology
  • Shock, Septic / therapy
  • Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome / diagnosis
  • Terminology as Topic
  • Vasoconstrictor Agents / therapeutic use

Substances

  • Vasoconstrictor Agents