Introduction: Thymomas are epithelial neoplasms of thymic origin, preferentially localized in the anterior mediastinum. Recurrences after surgery are uncommon and usually occur in the intrathoracic area. The occurrence of extra-thoracic metastases is an unusual phenomenon.
Case report: Here we report the case of a 61-year-old man with no special medical history. He smoked about 40 pack years but stopped in 1999. Initially he presented with a mediastinal thymoma and underwent surgical resection. One year later the development of abdominal pain and bowel disorders lead to the discovery of an ileal ulcero-necrotic tumour. After surgical resection, histological examination revealed secondary thymoma. A few months later he underwent cerebral MRI because of neurological symptoms. This revealed a second metastasis located in the brain. Stereotactic radiotherapy led to an improvement. After more than one year of follow-up the patient developed a papillary thyroid carcinoma but there were no signs of recurrence of the thymoma.
Conclusions: Extra-thoracic metastases of thymoma are exceptional but their existence should not be overlooked. Their management is not standardised because of lack of data in the literature. Though surgical excision in oligo-metastatic subjects is a frequently reported therapeutic option, a radiotherapeutic approach, particularly in cerebral situations, could be a credible alternative.
Keywords: Metastasis; Métastase; Radiotherapy; Radiothérapie; Thymoma; Thymome.
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