[Recommendations for the diagnosis and practical management of paediatric eosinophilic oesophagitis]

Abstract

Eosinophilic oesophagitis is an emerging and chronic disorder mediated by the immune system, and is characterised by symptoms of oesophageal dysfunction and inflammation with isolated eosinophil infiltration in the oesophagus. It is more common in males and in atopic subjects, and the symptoms vary with age. In younger children, there is vomiting, abdominal pain and dietary problems, with dysphagia and food impaction in older children and adolescents. The diagnosis is based on the presence of symptoms and oesophageal inflammation with ≥ 15 eosinophils / high power field, and after ruling out other causes of oesophageal eosinophilia. Without treatment, the disease usually persists and can progress to fibrostenotic forms more common in adults. The treatment options included proton pump inhibitors, empirical elimination diets, and swallowed topical corticosteroids. Maintenance therapy is advisable after the induction treatment. Diet is the only treatment that is directed at the cause of the disease, on identifying the triggering food or foods. The response to the treatments requires a histological assessment due to the poor agreement between the symptoms and the oesophageal inflammation. The practical management of Eosinophilic oesophagitis presents with challenges, due to, among other causes, the current lack of availability of specific drugs, and to its approach with, occasionally complex, diet treatments. The present document, prepared by the Working Group on Eosinophilic Gastrointestinal Disorders of the Spanish Society of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, has as its objective to help in the diagnostic and therapeutic approach to paediatric eosinophilic oesophagitis, based on the recent evidence-based consensus guidelines.

Keywords: Corticoides; Corticosteroids; Diagnosis; Diagnóstico; Diet; Dieta; Eosinophilic oesophagitis; Esofagitis eosinofílica; Inhibidores de la bomba de protones; Proton pump inhibitors; Recomendaciones; Recommendations.