Objective: The FIGO 2019 update on cervical cancer staging removed horizontal tumor extent (HZTE) as a staging variable. Evidence is needed to substantiate this change. The prognostic significance of HZTE and a related variable, circumferential tumor extent (%CTE), is similarly unknown. We aimed to investigate the association of HZTE and %CTE with survival outcomes in cervical cancer patients.
Methods: We identified patients treated with primary surgery for stage I cervical cancer in a single institution during a 9-year period. HZTE and, when available, %CTE were obtained from pathology records. Cases were staged using 2019 FIGO staging. Correlations between HZTE, %CTE and FIGO stage with recurrence-free (RFS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) were determined using univariable and multivariable analyses.
Results: 285 patients were included with a median follow-up of 48 (range 7-123) months. HZTE was statistically associated with RFS and DSS on univariate and multivariate analysis. None of the 168 stage IA patients in our series had tumor recurrence or death during follow-up, including 42 with HZTE ≥7 mm. None of the patients with a tumor horizontal extent <7 mm experienced recurrence or death. %CTE correlated only with RFS on univariate analysis. 2019 FIGO stage did not independently correlate with RFS or DSS in our sample.
Conclusions: HZTE is an independent predictor of survival in cervical carcinoma. In stage IA tumors, however, HZTE does not offer superior prognostic value, supporting the 2019 FIGO recommendations to remove this variable from staging in these cases. HZTE may be useful in larger tumors in which staging depends on maximum tumor size. %CTE is not an independent prognostic variable in cervical cancer, and we advise against its use.
Keywords: Cervical cancer; Cervix; Circumferential; FIGO; Horizontal; Stage.
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