Lack of concordance between EMIT assay and LC-MS/MS for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Mycophenolic Acid: Potential increased risk for graft rejection?

Abstract

Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of immunosuppressive drugs is crucial in organ-transplanted patients to prevent rejection or toxic effects due to inadequate dosage. Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is a commonly used immunosuppressant in this setting. Nowadays, MPA concentrations are monitored by Enzyme Multiplied Immunoassay Technology (EMIT), and Liquid Chromatography (LC)-based techniques, particularly coupled to Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). This study evaluates the concordance between TDM results for MPA obtained through CE-IVD EMIT and LC-MS/MS assays in plasma samples. LC-MS/MS quantification was based on a commercial kit and the analytical performance in terms of accuracy was tested through external proficiency tests and inter-laboratory comparison with a home-made HPLC-UV method. Both these evaluations confirmed the reliability of the LC-MS/MS method (1.6 % and 9.0 % of bias, respectively). Conversely, the comparison between EMIT and LC-MS/MS showed overestimation by EMIT of 33.5 %. This bias resulted concentration-dependent, ranging from 46.4 % in the concentration range of 1-2 mg/L, to 21.4 % over 4 mg/L. Considering the theoretical clinical impact of this overestimation, a fraction comprised between 12.4 % and 31.4 % of samples which resulted over three different minimum effective concentration values by EMIT (no indication for dose adjustment) had discordant indications by LC-MS/MS (dose adjustment needed). Concluding, this study highlights a clinically relevant systematic overestimation of MPA concentration by EMIT, supporting the switch to LC-MS/MS techniques for TDM purpose. However, further prospective studies are needed in order to evaluate the clinical impact of switching the TDM activity from EMIT to LC-MS/MS in a larger cohort in a long period.

Keywords: EMIT; Immunosuppressant; MPA; Mycophenolate; Rejection; TDM.