Biofunctional magnesium coated Ti6Al4V scaffold enhances osteogenesis and angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo for orthopedic application

Peng Gao; Bo Fan; Xiaoming Yu; Wenwen Liu; Jie Wu; Lei Shi; Di Yang; Lili Tan; Peng Wan; Yulin Hao; Shujun Li; Wentao Hou; Ke Yang; Xiaokang Li; Zheng Guo

doi:10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.04.019

Biofunctional magnesium coated Ti6Al4V scaffold enhances osteogenesis and angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo for orthopedic application

Bioact Mater. 2020 May 12;5(3):680-693. doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.04.019. eCollection 2020 Sep.

Authors

Peng Gao^{1

2}, Bo Fan¹, Xiaoming Yu^{3

4}, Wenwen Liu¹, Jie Wu¹, Lei Shi¹, Di Yang¹, Lili Tan³, Peng Wan³, Yulin Hao³, Shujun Li³, Wentao Hou³, Ke Yang³, Xiaokang Li¹, Zheng Guo¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
² Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital and The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410016, PR China.
³ Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenyang, 110016, China.
⁴ School of Material Science and Engineering, Shenyang Ligong University, Shenyang, 110159, China.

Abstract

The insufficient osteogenesis and osseointegration of porous titanium based scaffold limit its further application. Early angiogenesis is important for scaffold survival. It is necessary to develop a multifunctional surface on titanium scaffold with both osteogenic and angiogenic properties. In this study, a biofunctional magnesium coating is deposited on porous Ti6Al4V scaffold. For osseointegration and osteogenesis analysis, in vitro studies reveal that magnesium-coated Ti6Al4V co-culture with MC3T3-E1 cells can improve cell proliferation, adhesion, extracellular matrix (ECM) mineralization and ALP activity compared with bare Ti6Al4V cocultivation. Additionally, MC3T3-E1 cells cultured with magnesium-coated Ti6Al4V show significantly higher osteogenesis-related genes expression. In vivo studies including fluorochrome labeling, micro-computerized tomography and histological examination of magnesium-coated Ti6Al4V scaffold reveal that new bone regeneration is significantly increased in rabbits after implantation. For angiogenesis studies, magnesium-coated Ti6Al4V improve HUVECs proliferation, adhesion, tube formation, wound-healing and Transwell abilities. HUVECs cultured with magnesium-coated Ti6Al4V display significantly higher angiogenesis-related genes (HIF-1α and VEGF) expression. Microangiography analysis reveal that magnesium-coated Ti6Al4V scaffold can significantly enhance the blood vessel formation. This study enlarges the application scope of magnesium and provides an optional choice to the conventional porous Ti6Al4V scaffold with enhanced osteogenesis and angiogenesis for further orthopedic applications.

Keywords: Angiogenesis; Magnesium coating; Osteogenesis; Porous Ti6Al4V scafflod; Surface modification.