With the rapid development of high-throughput sequencing technology and translatome studies, the translational ability of circular RNA (circRNA) has gradually attracted much attention. Previous studies have shown that circRNA itself can be translated into proteins, whose function is closely related to the occurrence and development of human diseases. And it is expected to become an ideal substitute for mRNA, which can be widely used in protein engineering in the future. In this review, we systematically summarize the sources, biogenesis and features of circRNA, the driving models of circRNA translation, identification and functional verification of circRNA translation. We also sum up the latest research progress of circRNA translation in human diseases and its application in protein engineering, and make prospective anticipations for future research directions, which may offer more theoretical references for related researches in this field.
随着高通量测序技术和翻译组学研究的快速发展,对环状RNA (circular RNA, circRNA)翻译能力的研究日益成为热点。已有研究表明,circRNA自身可以翻译为蛋白,其蛋白功能与人类疾病发生发展有着密切联系,而且其有望成为mRNA的理想替代品,未来可被广泛地应用在蛋白质工程。本文系统综述了circRNA来源、形成方式和主要特征、翻译蛋白的方式、翻译能力的鉴定和功能验证,归纳了近年来circRNA翻译在人类疾病中的研究进展及其在蛋白质工程的应用,并对后续研究关注的问题进行了展望,以期为相关领域的研究提供参考。.
Keywords: circular RNA; identification methods; protein translation.