Fear of COVID-19 scale: Psychometric characteristics, reliability and validity in the Israeli population

Psychiatry Res. 2020 Jul:289:113100. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113100. Epub 2020 May 15.

Abstract

Mental health clinicians worldwide have been expressing concerns regarding the broad psychological effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. Nonetheless, only a few studies have thus far evaluated the degree of fear of COVID-19, partially due to the lack of validated measures. In this study we evaluated the psychometric properties of the Hebrew version of the Fear of COVID-19 scale (FCV-19S), recently developed to assess different aspects of the fear of the pandemic, in a normative population of participants in Israel. Participants (n = 639) were asked to complete the FCV-19S scale, as well as to report anxiety, depression, and stress levels using validated scales. The results a unidimensional factor structure of the FCV-19S which explained 53.71% of the variance. When forcing a two-factor structure model, the analysis revealed two factors pertaining to emotional fear reactions and symptomatic expressions of fear. Gender, sociodemographic status, chronic illness, being in an at-risk group, and having a family member dying of COVID-19 were positively associated with fear of COVID-19. The measure was associated with anxiety, stress and depression. These results suggest that the FCV-19S has good psychometric properties, and can be utilized in studies assessing the effects of the pandemic on the population's mental health.

Keywords: Anxiety; COVID-19; Coronavirus; Depression; Fear; Stress.

Publication types

  • Validation Study

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Anxiety / diagnosis
  • Betacoronavirus
  • COVID-19
  • Coronavirus Infections / psychology*
  • Depression / diagnosis
  • Fear / psychology*
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Israel / epidemiology
  • Male
  • Mental Disorders / diagnosis*
  • Pandemics
  • Pneumonia, Viral / psychology*
  • Psychiatric Status Rating Scales / standards*
  • Psychometrics / standards*
  • Reproducibility of Results
  • Risk Factors
  • SARS-CoV-2
  • Stress, Psychological / diagnosis
  • Young Adult