L-asparaginase is extensively used in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia and several other lymphoproliferative diseases. In addition to its biomedical application, L-asparaginase is also of prospective use in food industry to reduce the formation of acrylamide, which is classified as probably neurotoxic and carcinogenic to human, and in biosensors for determination of L-asparagine level in medicine and food chemistry. The importance of L-asparaginases in different fields, disadvantages of commercial ferments, and the fact that they are widespread in nature stimuli the search for biobetter L-asparaginases from new producing microorganisms. In this regard, extremofile microorganisms exhibit unique physiological properties such as thermal stability, adaptability to extreme cold conditions, salt and pH tolerance and so provide one of the most valuable sources for novel L-asparaginases. The present review summarizes the recent results on studying the structural, functional, physicochemical and kinetic properties, stability of extremophilic L-asparaginases in comparison with their mesophilic homologues.
L-asparaginaza nashla shirokoe primenenie v lechenii ostrogo limfoblastnogo leĭkoza i riada drugikh limfoproliferativnykh zabolevaniĭ. Pomimo bioterapii ferment ispol'zuetsia v pishchevoĭ industrii dlia snizheniia urovnia neĭrotoksicheskogo i kantserogennogo soedineniia akrilamida, a takzhe dlia sozdaniia biosensorov s tsel'iu analiza urovnia L-asparagina pri leĭkozakh i v pishchevoĭ industrii. Ogromnaia nauchno-prakticheskaia znachimost', imeiushchiesia nedostatki, vyiavlennye pri ispol'zovanii kommercheskikh preparatov L-asparaginaz, i shirokaia ikh rasprostranennost' v prirode stimulirovali poisk novykh istochnikov L-asparaginaz. Odnimi iz naibolee perspektivnykh v étom plane predstavliaiutsia ékstremofil'nye mikroorganizmy, estestvennymi usloviiami obitaniia kotorykh iavliaiutsia povyshennye i ponizhennye temperatury, vysokaia solenost', kislye i shchelochnye znacheniia rN sredy. Rezul'taty issledovaniĭ strukturno-funktsional'nykh, fiziko-khimicheskikh, kineticheskikh kharakteristik, stabil'nosti L-asparaginaz ékstremofil'nykh mikroorganizmov svidetel'stvuiut o perspektivnosti primeneniia imenno étikh fermentov v biologii i meditsine.
Keywords: L-asparaginase; antitumor drug; extremophilic microorganisms; stability; structural and functional properties.