Introduction:Massive intracerebral hemorrhages and large internal carotid artery infarcts may cause early death due to severe cerebral edema with elevated intracranial pressure, despite maximal medical therapy. Decompressive craniectomy may be of benefit to these patients in terms of survival and even functional outcome. The aim of our paper is to present two cases that illustrate the use of decompressive craniectomy both in ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, followed by a discussion on the indication and right timing of the intervention, but also on the outcome of these patients. Materials and methods: We present the cases of a 38-year-old man with a right lenticular and capsular hemorrhage who underwent decompressive craniectomy in the first 24 hours from onset of symptoms and a 64-year-old patient with an ischemic stroke in the territory of the left carotid artery with a decompressive craniectomy performed at more than 72 hours from the beginning. For each of the two cases, we analyzed the following parameters: neurologic status, Glasgow Coma Scale, aspect of the cerebral computed tomography before and after surgery, in-hospital complications and modified Rankin Scale at discharge. Outcomes: While the intervention was life-saving in both cases, the procedure had different functional outcomes. Conclusion: Decompressive craniectomy may be a life-saving procedure for patients with both hemorrhagic or ischemic strokes complicated with massive edema and increased intracranial pressure. When performed in the first 48 hours, especially in patients with ischemic stroke aged less than 60, it may also improve the functional outcome compared to conservative treatment.