Immune modulation by the macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) family: D-dopachrome tautomerase (DDT) is not (always) a backup system

Cytokine. 2020 Sep:133:155121. doi: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155121. Epub 2020 May 11.

Abstract

Human macrophage migration inhibition factor (MIF) is a protein with cytokine and chemokine properties that regulates a diverse range of physiological functions related to innate immunity and inflammation. Most research has focused on the role of MIF in different inflammatory diseases. D-dopachrome tautomerase (DDT), a different molecule with structural similarities to MIF, which shares receptors and biological functions, has recently been reported, but little is known about its roles and mechanisms. In this review, we sought to understand the similarities and differences between these molecules by summarizing what is known about their different structures, receptors and mechanisms regulating their expression and biological activities with an emphasis on immunological aspects.

Keywords: CD74; D-dopachrome tautomerase; DDT; MIF; Macrophage migration inhibitory factor.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Humans
  • Immunologic Factors / immunology*
  • Immunomodulation / immunology*
  • Intramolecular Oxidoreductases / immunology*
  • Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors / immunology*

Substances

  • Immunologic Factors
  • Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors
  • Intramolecular Oxidoreductases
  • dopachrome isomerase