Tibial plateau fracture: does fracture classification influence the choice of surgical approach? A retrospective multicenter analysis

Abstract

Purpose: The role of classification systems for the choice of surgical approach and the management of tibial plateau fractures remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential of classification systems to choose the appropriate operative approach. Current surgical management strategies were investigated in a large multicenter assessment.

Methods: In this study, we retrospectively analyzed all patients with tibial plateau fractures that have received surgical treatment in one of the five Level I trauma facilities between 2012 and 2015. Fractures were classified in each center by a senior orthopedic surgeon using the AO/OTA and the Luo classification. Demographics, trauma mechanism, as well as the surgical approach were recorded.

Results: 538 patients (46.1% male, 53.9% female) were included. The anterolateral approach was used most frequently with 54.8% of all single approaches; 76.2% of all combined approaches used anterolateral as part of the approach. Combined approaches were used in 22.5% of the cases; a combination of the anterolateral and medial (10%), anterolateral, and posteromedial approach (5.8%) were used most frequently. The lowest number was found for the posterolateral (1.3%) and the combined approaches dorsal/anterolateral and medial/dorsal (1.7%, 1.1%). The AO/OTA classification showed a peak for 41.B2 (21.9%) and B3 (35.5%) fractures. Regarding the Luo classification, the dorsal column was involved in 45.7%. In contrast, only 14.7% of the surgical approaches used were able to address the dorsal tibial plateau potentially.

Conclusion: The use of dorsal approach seems to be of minor importance than expected in daily clinical practice in this multicenter study. It was not possible to specify whether the AO/OTA or the Luo classification can reliably predict the choice of surgical approach. The operative treatment strategy of tibial plateau fractures seems to rather rely on the surgeons' experience, education, and preferences.

Keywords: AO/OTA classification; Luo classification; Surgical approach; Tibial plateau fracture.