ApoB48-remnant lipoproteins are associated with increased cardiometabolic risk in adolescents

Jacqueline A Krysa; Donna F Vine; Lawrence J Beilin; Sally Burrows; Rae-Chi Huang; Trevor A Mori; Spencer D Proctor

doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.04.021

ApoB48-remnant lipoproteins are associated with increased cardiometabolic risk in adolescents

Atherosclerosis. 2020 Jun:302:20-26. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.04.021. Epub 2020 May 4.

Authors

Jacqueline A Krysa¹, Donna F Vine², Lawrence J Beilin³, Sally Burrows³, Rae-Chi Huang⁴, Trevor A Mori⁵, Spencer D Proctor⁶

Affiliations

¹ Metabolic and Cardiovascular Disease Laboratory, Molecular Cell Biology of Lipids Group, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, Perth, Australia.
² Metabolic and Cardiovascular Disease Laboratory, Molecular Cell Biology of Lipids Group, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
³ School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, Perth, Australia.
⁴ The Telethon Kids Institute for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
⁵ School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, Perth, Australia. Electronic address: trevor.mori@uwa.edu.au.
⁶ Metabolic and Cardiovascular Disease Laboratory, Molecular Cell Biology of Lipids Group, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Electronic address: spencer.proctor@ualberta.ca.

PMID: 32413793
DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.04.021

Abstract

Background and aims: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) begins in youth, and is exacerbated by obesity and metabolic syndrome. Apolipoprotein (Apo)B-remnant cholesterol is considered a primary contributor to CVD risk. Fasting plasma apoB48 can be used as a biomarker of intestinal remnant cholesterol as well as postprandial dyslipidemia. In adults, elevated fasting plasma apoB48 strongly associates with cardiometabolic risk factors and obesity, whereas in adolescents there is limited data. The aim of this study was to measure fasting plasma apoB48 and determine the relationship with cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of fasting plasma apoB48 from the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study. Subjects were adolescent males and females aged 17 years with complete fasting plasma apoB48, biochemical, and anthropometry data (n = 1045). The relationship between fasting plasma apoB48 and other cardiometabolic risk factors was determined. The high-risk metabolic cluster variable was defined using elevated BMI, HOMA-IR, fasting plasma triglycerides, and systolic blood pressure.

Results: Fasting plasma apoB48 was significantly higher in male (15.28 ± 2.95 μg/mL) compared to female (12.45 ± 2.43 μg/mL) adolescents (p = 0.0003), and was increased by 21% (3.60 μg/mL; p = 0.0000) in the high-risk metabolic cluster group and more pronounced in males (31%, 6.15 μg/mL; p = 0.0000). Fasting plasma apoB48 was positively associated with fasting plasma triglycerides, total-cholesterol (but not LDL-C), insulin, leptin, HOMA-IR, and the anthropometric parameters, waist-circumference and skinfold-thickness. Fasting plasma apoB48 was inversely associated with fasting plasma HDL-C, and adiponectin.

Conclusions: Plasma apoB48 remnant lipoproteins associate with cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents and provide support for the screening of remnant cholesterol in youth.

Keywords: Adiposity; Adolescence; Chylomicron metabolism; Lipoproteins; Metabolic syndrome.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Adolescent
Apolipoprotein B-48 / blood*
Australia
Body Mass Index
Cardiovascular Diseases* / diagnosis
Cardiovascular Diseases* / epidemiology
Cross-Sectional Studies
Female
Heart Disease Risk Factors*
Humans
Male
Risk Factors
Triglycerides / blood

Substances

Apolipoprotein B-48
Triglycerides

Grants and funding

CIHR/Canada