Development of the Social Media Engagement Scale for Adolescents

Xiaoli Ni; Xiaoyi Shao; Yangwen Geng; Ran Qu; Gengfeng Niu; Yuping Wang

doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00701

Development of the Social Media Engagement Scale for Adolescents

Front Psychol. 2020 Apr 28:11:701. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00701. eCollection 2020.

Authors

Xiaoli Ni^{1

2}, Xiaoyi Shao¹, Yangwen Geng¹, Ran Qu^{1

3}, Gengfeng Niu¹, Yuping Wang¹

Affiliations

¹ School of Humanities and Social Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
² Institute for Empirical Social Science Research, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
³ Faculty of Education, Shaanxi Xueqian Normal University, Xi'an, China.

Abstract

This study aimed to develop the Social Media Engagement Scale for Adolescents (SMES-A), and evaluate its reliability and validity. The initial items were collected via open-ended questions, a literature review, and suggestions from psychological experts. A total valid sample of 2519 adolescents participated in this study. The results of the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) indicated that this scale was composed of three factors named affective engagement, behavioral engagement, and cognitive engagement, accounting for 56.01% of the total variance. The confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) confirmed the three-factor model. The affective engagement, behavioral engagement, and cognitive engagement were positively correlated with the criterion variables of objective social media use. The mean intra-correlation coefficients of the three factors were 0.523, 0.451, and 0.512. The Cronbach's alpha coefficients of the affective engagement, behavioral engagement, and cognitive engagement were from 0.709 to 0.804. Their McDonald's omega were 0.805, 0.805, and 0.712, which showed high reliability of this three-factor structure. The test-retest reliability of the three factors were all above 0.68 8 weeks later. Overall, our findings suggested that the SMES-A is a reliable and valid measurement to evaluate social media engagement among Chinese adolescents.

Keywords: adolescent; factor analysis; reliability; social media engagement; validity.