Objective: Sacral neuromodulation (SNM) is gaining increased integration in the realm of medicine. With increasing use, anesthetic and periprocedural considerations must be understood. The goal of this article is to review and consolidate available literature on device management in these settings.
Materials and methods: Searches were preformed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. Electronic searches were systematically conducted in the PubMed and Embase databases.
Results: Literature is reported on device management in the following settings: general operating room recommendations, electrocautery, ultrasound and other forms of diathermy, implanted cardiac devices, defibrillation, and magnetic resonance imaging.
Discussion: SNM devices have shown efficacy in treatment for a wide array of conditions. When proper precautions and guidelines are followed, the device can be safely and appropriately integrated in clinical practice.
Conclusions: Available information on management in a variety of periprocedural settings is summarized. However, there are areas that lack satisfactory information, which are highlighted throughout the article.
Keywords: interstim; magnetic resonance imaging; periprocedural; sacral nerve stimulation; sacral neuromodulation.
© 2020 International Neuromodulation Society.