Multiple sclerosis in ophthalmology: beyond optic neuritis

Abstract

Disorders of the visual system are one of the main features of multiple sclerosis (MS), and have a great impact on the quality of life of patients. Although optic neuritis is the most frequent manifestation, there are other ophthalmological processes not related to neuritis, a knowledge of which is very useful in the management of patients with MS. These abnormalities are described, grouped into impairments of the afferent pathway, efferent pathway, or upper cerebral areas. Additionally, the main ophthalmological side effects of the drugs currently used in the control of MS are described.

Keywords: Diplopia; Diplopía; Esclerosis múltiple; Multiple Sclerosis; Neuropatía óptica; Nistagmo; Nystagmus; Optic Neuropathy; Tratamiento; Treatment; Uveitis; Uveítis.