Non-Histone Arginine Methylation by Protein Arginine Methyltransferases

Curr Protein Pept Sci. 2020;21(7):699-712. doi: 10.2174/1389203721666200507091952.

Abstract

Protein arginine methyltransferase (PRMT) enzymes play a crucial role in RNA splicing, DNA damage repair, cell signaling, and differentiation. Arginine methylation is a prominent posttransitional modification of histones and various non-histone proteins that can either activate or repress gene expression. The aberrant expression of PRMTs has been linked to multiple abnormalities, notably cancer. Herein, we review a number of non-histone protein substrates for all nine members of human PRMTs and how PRMT-mediated non-histone arginine methylation modulates various diseases. Additionally, we highlight the most recent clinical studies for several PRMT inhibitors.

Keywords: PRMT; PRMT inhibitor; arginine methylation; cancer; epigenetic modifications; non-histone protein.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Antineoplastic Agents / therapeutic use
  • Arginine / metabolism*
  • Cardiovascular Diseases / enzymology*
  • Cardiovascular Diseases / genetics
  • Cardiovascular Diseases / pathology
  • Enzyme Inhibitors / therapeutic use
  • Epigenesis, Genetic
  • Histones / genetics
  • Histones / metabolism
  • Humans
  • Metabolic Diseases / enzymology*
  • Metabolic Diseases / genetics
  • Metabolic Diseases / pathology
  • Methylation
  • Neoplasms / drug therapy
  • Neoplasms / enzymology*
  • Neoplasms / genetics
  • Neoplasms / pathology
  • Protein Processing, Post-Translational*
  • Protein-Arginine N-Methyltransferases / antagonists & inhibitors
  • Protein-Arginine N-Methyltransferases / classification
  • Protein-Arginine N-Methyltransferases / genetics
  • Protein-Arginine N-Methyltransferases / metabolism*
  • RNA Splicing
  • Signal Transduction
  • Transcription Factors / antagonists & inhibitors
  • Transcription Factors / classification
  • Transcription Factors / genetics
  • Transcription Factors / metabolism*

Substances

  • Antineoplastic Agents
  • Enzyme Inhibitors
  • Histones
  • Transcription Factors
  • Arginine
  • Protein-Arginine N-Methyltransferases