Double-stranded RNAs and total RNAs purified from grapevine (Vitis vinifera) phloem scrapings of two varieties held in the INRAE (France) grapevine germplasm collection were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing. BLAST annotation revealed contigs with homology to Polerovirus genus members. The full genome sequence of one isolate (KT) was determined (5651 nucleotides [nt]), and a partial sequence representing about half of the genome was assembled for a second isolate (KS) that was found to share 95% nt sequence identity with the KT isolate. The genome has a typical polerovirus organization, containing six open reading frames (ORFs) as well as a putative additional ORF3a. Based on genome organization and phylogenetic relationships, the new virus belongs to the genus Polerovirus but, similar to the recently described persimmon polerovirus 1, is characterized by a highly divergent coat-protein/readthrough domain. Considering the species demarcation criteria for the family Luteoviridae, these two isolates, together with a closely related sequence recently deposited in the GenBank database (LC507098), represent a new Polerovirus species for which the name "Grapevine polerovirus 1" is proposed.