Synthesis of in-situ Al3+-defected iron oxide nanoflakes from coal ash: A detailed study on the structure, evolution mechanism and application to water remediation

Binbin Qian; Cheng Liu; Jun Lu; Meipeng Jian; Xiaoyi Hu; Song Zhou; Tara Hosseini; Barbara Etschmann; Xiwang Zhang; Huanting Wang; Lian Zhang

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122696

Synthesis of in-situ Al³⁺-defected iron oxide nanoflakes from coal ash: A detailed study on the structure, evolution mechanism and application to water remediation

J Hazard Mater. 2020 Aug 5:395:122696. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122696. Epub 2020 Apr 21.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.
² School of Earth, Atmosphere and Environment, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.
³ Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia. Electronic address: lian.zhang@monash.edu.

PMID: 32330778
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122696

Abstract

The recovery of value-added materials from coal ash waste is of highly economic value and sustainable significance. However, researches on the synthesis of defect-engineering nanomaterials from coal ash are still blank. Herein, iron oxide (Fe_1.72Al_0.28O_3, simplified as FAO) nanoflakes were successfully synthesized from a brown coal fly ash (BCFA) waste. The obtained FAO nanoflakes possess a round-shape morphology with a diameter of around 300 nm and 50 nm in thickness. With the progress of hydrothermal treatment, the impure Al³⁺ gradually replaced part of the Fe³⁺ in the α-Fe₂O₃ crystal. Specifically, Al³⁺ was preferentially adsorbed on the (001) facet, hindering the growth of Fe³⁺ on the [001] direction and thus causing the flattening of the resultant FAO. The introduced Al³⁺ also serves as the disordered defects on the hematite surface, leading to decreased crystal parameters for hematite, the formation of a compact first shell and a reduced periodical symmetry for the central cation Fe³⁺. The defects were also found to significantly improve the adsorption capacity of the resultant FAO for Cr(VI), As(V), As(III) and Congo red in waste water, with the maximum adsorption capacity of 68.3, 80.6, 61.1 and 213.8 mg g^-1, respectively. Cyclic tests also confirmed a relatively strong stability for the as-synthesised adsorbents.

Keywords: Crystal growth; Defect engineering; Nanoflakes; Waste recovery; Water chemistry.