As a classical nanocatalyst-based therapeutic modality, chemodynamic therapy (CDT) has received more and more attention. To improve the therapeutic efficacy of CDT, various metal-based nanocatalysts have been designed and constructed to catalyze the Fenton or Fenton-like reaction in the past few years. However, the therapeutic efficacy of certain CDT is still restricted by the tumor microenvironment, such as limited concentration of intracellular H2O2, inappropriate pH condition, as well as overexpressed glutathione (GSH). Therefore, many other therapeutic modalities, such as photodynamic therapy (PDT), photothermal therapy (PTT), starvation therapy, chemotherapy, and gas therapy, have been utilized to combine with CDT for increasing the tumor treatment performance. In this review, we summarized the development of combinatory therapeutic modalities based on CDT in recent years.