Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Lonicera japonica Thunb. var. sempervillosa Hayata flower bud extracts prepared by water, ethanol and supercritical fluid extraction techniques

Hsia-Fen Hsu; Pei-Chi Hsiao; Tzu-Chen Kuo; Shu-Tuan Chiang; Shin-Lung Chen; Shu-Jiau Chiou; Xue-Hua Ling; Ming-Tsai Liang; Wei-Yi Cheng; Jer-Yiing Houng

doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2016.05.010

Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Lonicera japonica Thunb. var. sempervillosa Hayata flower bud extracts prepared by water, ethanol and supercritical fluid extraction techniques

Ind Crops Prod. 2016 Oct 30:89:543-549. doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2016.05.010. Epub 2016 Jun 16.

Authors

Hsia-Fen Hsu^{1

2}, Pei-Chi Hsiao², Tzu-Chen Kuo², Shu-Tuan Chiang³, Shin-Lung Chen⁴, Shu-Jiau Chiou⁵, Xue-Hua Ling^{1

6}, Ming-Tsai Liang⁶, Wei-Yi Cheng¹, Jer-Yiing Houng^{1

6}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Nutrition, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
² Metal Industries Research & Development Centre, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
³ Chuang Song Zong Pharmaceutical Co., Pingtung, Taiwan.
⁴ Sen Tai Pharmaceutical Industrial Co., Tainan, Taiwan.
⁵ Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
⁶ Department of Chemical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.

Abstract

Lonicera japonica Thunberg (LJ) has long been used as an antipyretic, anti-inflammatory and anti-infectious agent in East Asia. The subspecies L. japonica Thunb. var. sempervillosa Hayata (LJv) is a variant that mainly grows in Taiwan. This study examined the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of the extracts from the flower buds of these two species. The extracts were obtained by three extraction methods: water extraction, ethanol extraction, and supercritical-CO₂ fluid extraction (SFE). The antioxidant activities of dry LJ (dLJ) extracts were superior to those of LJv extracts. Water extracts possessed higher activities than that prepared by ethanol or SFE. The total polyphenols content, total flavonoids content, and the amount of chlorogenic acid and luteolin-7-O-glucoside were all higher in the water extracts compared to the other two. The SFE extracts of these two species all exhibited excellent anti-inflammatory activities. Although the water and ethanol extracts of dLJ extracts had higher anti-inflammatory activity than that of LJv extracts, the SFE extracts prepared from fresh LJv flower buds (fLJv) exhibited the highest activity among all extracts. The SFE effectively isolates the bioactive components of L. japonica and can obtain the L. japonica extracts with high anti-inflammatory activity.

Keywords: Anti-inflammatory activity; Antioxidant activity; COX, cyclooxygenase; Chemical composition analysis; DMEM, Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium; DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide; DPPH, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl; ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinases; HPX, hypoxanthine; L-NMMA, NG-monomethyl-l-arginine acetate; LJ, L. japonica Thunberg; LJv, L. japonica Thunb. var. sempervillosa Hayata; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; Lonicera japonica; MPO, myeloperoxidase; MTT, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide; NBT, nitroblue tetrazolium; PAR2, proteinase activated receptor 2; ROS, reactive oxygen species; RT, retention time; SFE, supercritical-CO2 fluid extraction; SOD, superoxide; Supercritical fluid extraction; TFC, total flavonoids content; TPC, total polyphenols content; XOD, xanthine oxidase; dLJ, dry flower buds of Lonicera japonica Thunberg; dLJv, dry flower buds of L. japonica Thunb. var. sempervillosa Hayata; fLJv, fresh flower buds of L. japonica Thunb. var. sempervillosa Hayata; iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase.