Isolation of two rare N-glycosides from Ginkgo biloba and their anti-inflammatory activities

Sci Rep. 2020 Apr 7;10(1):5994. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-62884-1.

Abstract

Two rare N-β-D-glucopyranosyl-1H-indole-3-acetic acid conjugates, N-[2-(1-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-1H-indol-3-yl)acetyl]-L-glutamic acid (1) and N-[2-(1-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-1H-indol-3-yl)acetyl]-L-aspartic acid (2) were isolated from Ginkgo biloba. The structures were elucidated by analyses of HRMS and NMR spectroscopic data. In addition, a simplified and efficient synthetic route for compounds 1 and 2 is also disclosed to determine the absolute configurations of them. This concise syntheses of compounds 1 and 2 may facilitate studies of the biology of this type alkaloids. Compounds 1 and 2 were also tested for their cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory activities. The biological evaluation showed that compounds 1 and 2 led to the decrease of interleukin (IL)-6, nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 at mRNA level in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Anti-Inflammatory Agents / chemistry*
  • Anti-Inflammatory Agents / isolation & purification
  • Anti-Inflammatory Agents / pharmacology*
  • Ginkgo biloba / chemistry*
  • Glycosides / chemistry*
  • Glycosides / isolation & purification
  • Glycosides / pharmacology*
  • Inflammation / drug therapy
  • Inflammation / metabolism
  • Interleukin-6 / antagonists & inhibitors
  • Interleukin-6 / metabolism
  • Lipopolysaccharides / metabolism
  • Macrophages / drug effects
  • Macrophages / metabolism
  • Mice
  • Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / antagonists & inhibitors
  • Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / metabolism
  • RAW 264.7 Cells

Substances

  • Anti-Inflammatory Agents
  • Glycosides
  • Interleukin-6
  • Lipopolysaccharides
  • Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II
  • Nos2 protein, mouse