In recent years, graphene has emerged as a promising candidate for electrochemical energy storage applications due to its large specific surface area, high electrical conductivity, good chemical stability, and strong mechanical flexibility. Moreover, its unique two-dimensional (2D) nanostructure can be used as an ideal building block for controllable functionalization with other active components and the resulting graphene-based hybrids exhibit desirable properties for improved energy storage capability. This review summarizes the most recent progress on graphene and graphene-based hybrid nanostructures for three frontier electrochemical energy storage device applications, i.e., lithium-ion batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries and supercapacitors. Finally, we outline the future perspectives and trends in this research field including several challenges and opportunities.