Imine or Enamine? Insights and Predictive Guidelines from the Electronic Effect of Substituents in H-Bonded Salicylimines

J Org Chem. 2020 May 1;85(9):5838-5862. doi: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00130. Epub 2020 Apr 17.

Abstract

Imine and enamine bonds decorate the skeleton of numerous reagents, catalysts, and organic materials. However, it is difficult to isolate at will a single tautomer, as dynamic equilibria occur easily, even in the solid state, and are sensitive to electronic and steric effect, including π-conjugation and H-bonding. Here, using as model Schiff bases generated from salicylaldehydes and TRIS in a set of linear free energy relationships (LFER), we disclose how the formation of either imines or enamines can be controlled and provide a comprehensive framework that captures the structural underpinning of this prediction. This work highlights the potentiality of tailor-made designs en route to compounds with desirable functionality.