Comparison of the behavior of ZVI/carbon composites from both commercial origin and from spent Li-ion batteries and mill scale for the removal of ibuprofen in water

Shuai Chen; Zixiang Li; Carolina Belver; Guilan Gao; Jie Guan; Yaoguang Guo; Hui Li; Jiao Ma; Jorge Bedia; Patryk Wójtowicz

doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110480

Comparison of the behavior of ZVI/carbon composites from both commercial origin and from spent Li-ion batteries and mill scale for the removal of ibuprofen in water

J Environ Manage. 2020 Jun 15:264:110480. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110480. Epub 2020 Mar 31.

Authors

Shuai Chen¹, Zixiang Li², Carolina Belver³, Guilan Gao², Jie Guan², Yaoguang Guo², Hui Li⁴, Jiao Ma⁵, Jorge Bedia⁶, Patryk Wójtowicz⁷

Affiliations

¹ Research Center of Resource Recycling Science and Engineering, Shanghai Polytechnic University, Shanghai, 201209, China; School of Environmental and Materials Engineering, Shanghai Polytechnic University, Shanghai, 201209, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Coal Green Conversion (Henan Polytechnic University), Jiaozuo, 454003, China.
² Research Center of Resource Recycling Science and Engineering, Shanghai Polytechnic University, Shanghai, 201209, China; School of Environmental and Materials Engineering, Shanghai Polytechnic University, Shanghai, 201209, China.
³ Chemical Engineering Department, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Campus Cantoblanco, Madrid, E-28049, Spain.
⁴ School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China. Electronic address: huili2018@shu.edu.cn.
⁵ Henan Key Laboratory of Coal Green Conversion (Henan Polytechnic University), Jiaozuo, 454003, China.
⁶ Chemical Engineering Department, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Campus Cantoblanco, Madrid, E-28049, Spain. Electronic address: jorge.bedia@uam.es.
⁷ Department of Environmental Engineering, Savonia University of Applied Sciences, Kuopio, P.O. Box 6, FI-70201, Finland.

PMID: 32250905
DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110480

Abstract

Zero valent iron/carbon composites were successfully synthesized from commercial iron oxide and graphite (ZVI/C) and also by using graphite obtained from spent Li-ion batteries and iron oxide from mill scale (ZVI/C-X) as a new approach for the valorization of these waste. The composites were synthesized through carbothermic reactions and tested as catalysts for the degradation of ibuprofen from water by Fenton reaction. The optimal conditions for synthesizing ZVI/C composites were a temperature of 1000 °C maintained for 2 h. The structural, and textural features of ZVI/C with different ZVI mass ratios were characterized by different techniques. ZVI/C composites with higher ZVI mass ratios showed higher degradation rates for the removal of ibuprofen both in presence and absence of H₂O₂. Moreover, ZVI/C-X composite, obtained from industrial waste, showed activity even after four consecutive cycles of use with very low concentration of iron ions in solution after reaction (4.8 mg L^-1 after 4 h), which supports the high stability and low Fe-lixiviation of ZVI/C-X composite. The results of this study prove the possibility of synthesizing composites using graphite from spent Li-ion batteries and iron oxide from mill scale, and their potential for the degradation of ibuprofen in water, with comparable activities to those obtained from commercial feedstocks.

Keywords: Carbothermic reaction; Emerging pollutants; Fe leaching; Fenton reaction; Ibuprofen; LIBs recycling.

MeSH terms

Hydrogen Peroxide
Ibuprofen*
Iron
Water
Water Pollutants, Chemical*

Substances

Water Pollutants, Chemical
Water
Hydrogen Peroxide
Iron
Ibuprofen