Kidney transplant (KT) is the first therapeutic option for most patients with chronic renal failure that requires renal function replacement. The main complication associated with renal graft loss is immune rejection. The T regulatory pathways play a key role in this process, and abnormalities in some of these molecules could participate in the graft rejection. In this paper, our group performed an exploratory analysis of the behavior of the coinducible molecules (CD28, CTLA-4, ICOS, PD-1) in patients with KT rejection and control KT patients without rejection. The Mann-Whitney U test, used for 2 groups, showed significant differences (P = .0005), indicating that PD-1 is underexpressed in patients with allograft rejection. No differences were found in CD28+, regulatory T cells (T reg), CTLA-4, and ICOS, so we are proposing that PD-1 is a key player in the immunotolerance phenomenon and its underexpression participates in the rejection process. More research needs to be performed on this topic.
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