Aims: To assess a persuasive multimodel approach to decreasing unnecessary intravenous (IV) clarithromycin use for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in Canterbury District Health Board (CDHB) hospitals.
Methods: In December 2013, CDHB guidelines for empiric treatment of CAP changed to prioritise oral azithromycin over IV clarithromycin. The multimodel approach we used to implement this change included obtaining stakeholder agreement, improved guidelines access, education and pharmacist support. The impact of the intervention was evaluated by comparing macrolide usage and expenditure for the four years pre- and post-intervention.
Results: Mean annual clarithromycin IV use decreased by 72% from 6.4 to 1.8 defined daily doses (DDDs) per 1,000 occupied bed days (OBDs) post-intervention, while oral azithromycin increased by 833% (4.2 to 39.2 DDDs per 1,000 OBDs). Concurrently, oral clarithromycin use decreased by 91% (32.9 to 2.9 DDDs per 1,000 OBDs), and roxithromycin by 71% (17.0 to 5.0 DDDs per 1,000 OBDs). Mean annual total macrolide use decreased by 21% (68.2 to 53.9 DDDs per 1,000 OBDs), while expenditure decreased by 69% mainly through avoided IV administration.
Conclusions: A persuasive multimodel approach to support adoption of CAP guidelines produced a sustained decrease in IV clarithromycin use, which may have clinical benefits such as reduced occurrence of catheter-related complications.