Longitudinal Patterns of the Tip-of-the-Tongue Phenomenon in People With Subjective Cognitive Complaints and Mild Cognitive Impairment

María Campos-Magdaleno; David Leiva; Arturo X Pereiro; Cristina Lojo-Seoane; Sabela C Mallo; Ana Nieto-Vieites; Onésimo Juncos-Rabadán; David Facal

doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00425

Longitudinal Patterns of the Tip-of-the-Tongue Phenomenon in People With Subjective Cognitive Complaints and Mild Cognitive Impairment

Front Psychol. 2020 Mar 13:11:425. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00425. eCollection 2020.

Authors

María Campos-Magdaleno¹, David Leiva², Arturo X Pereiro¹, Cristina Lojo-Seoane¹, Sabela C Mallo¹, Ana Nieto-Vieites¹, Onésimo Juncos-Rabadán¹, David Facal¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain.
² Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.

Abstract

Background: The Tip-of-the-Tongue (ToTs) state is considered a universal phenomenon and is a frequent cognitive complaint in old age. Previous cross-sectional studies have found that ToT measures successfully discriminate between cognitively unimpaired adults and adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). The aim of this study was to identify longitudinal patterns of ToTs in individuals with subjective complaints and with MCI regarding progress of their cognitive status.

Method: The study included 193 participants with subjective cognitive complaints (SCC) and 56 participants with MCI who completed a baseline and two follow-up assessments, with an interval of about 18 months between each assessment. Participants were classified into three groups by considering cognitive stability or deterioration from the baseline diagnosis: SCC-stable, MCI-stable and MCI-worsened. Participants performed a ToT task involving recognition and naming of famous people depicted in 50 photographs. Generalized Linear Mixed Models (GLMM) were used to model longitudinal changes in familiarity, feeling of knowing, semantic access, phonological access and verbal fluency.

Results: Phonological access differentiated MCI patients, stable and worsened, from adults with SCCs at all evaluation times. Phonological access declined over time in the three groups, without significant interactions between groups and time.

Discussion: This study provides the first longitudinal evidence of differences in ToT measures for adults with MCI. The findings indicate that phonological access measures successfully differentiated between the diagnostic groups. However, slopes remain irrespective of the diagnostic group and progression toward more advance stages of cognitive impairment.

Keywords: Compostela Aging Study; lexical access; linear mixed models; longitudinal study; mild cognitive impairment; tip-of-the-tongue.