Optical fiber surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) probes provide a novel platform for liquid-phase in situ and remote SERS detections. However, it is still a challenge to fabricate noble metal nanostructures with large SERS enhancement factor (EF) onto optical fiber surfaces. In this article, we successfully prepare Au-nanorod cluster structures on optical fiber facets by a laboratory-developed laser-induced evaporation self-assembly method. It is demonstrated that the optimized optical fiber SERS probes show high detection sensitivity (10-10 M for rhodamine 6G solution, and 10-8 M for malachite green or crystal violet solution) and excellent reproducibility (relative standard deviation less than 6%). As the laser-induced evaporation self-assembly method is a simple and low-cost method capable of achieving automatic and reproducible preparations of cluster patterned optical fiber SERS probes, this work may find important application prospects in various liquid-phase SERS detection areas.