Evaluating hospital tools and services that were co-produced with patients: A rapid review

Abstract

Purpose: To describe the process and outcomes of services or products co-produced with patients in hospital settings.

Data sources: Database searches on Medline, CINAHL and Business Source between 2008 and 2019.

Study selection: Studies that evaluate the products of co-production in hospital settings.

Data extraction: Primary outcome is the individual and organizational outcomes resulting from co-production. Study characteristics, co-production process, level of engagement and intensity of engagement were also extracted.

Results of data synthesis: A total of 13 studies were included. Types of co-produced outputs were health services and care processes, tools and resources, and technology-based products, such as mobile application. Most studies engaged patients at a consultative or involvement level, with only four studies engaging patients as partners. Moderate-to-high acceptability and usability by patients and health services were reported for co-produced outputs. Organizational outcomes were also reported qualitatively as producing various positive effects, such as improved communication and diagnostic process. Positive patient outcomes were reported for co-produced outputs in qualitative (e.g. improved social support) and quantitative results (e.g. reduction of clinic wait time). No patient clinical outcomes were reported.

Conclusion: Co-produced outputs have moderate-to-high acceptability, usability or uptake. There is insufficient evidence on other organizational or patient outcomes due to the lack of reporting of outcomes in co-production. Future research should focus on the outcomes (i.e. effects on patients and health service providers), not just the output of co-production. This is critical to provide feedback to advance the knowledge and implementation of co-production.

Keywords: co-creation; co-production; health services; patient engagement; patient involvement.