Healthy full-term breastfed infants show a different growth pattern compared to formula fed infants and this can reduce the risk of obesity and metabolic syndrome later in life. The increasing knowledge of breast milk composition led to the hypothesis that high dietary protein intake derived from formula milk feeding could have a role in determining the different growth rates and body composition of formula-fed infants compared to breastfed infants. In efforts to simulate human milk, many studies have investigated the safety of infant formulas with reduced protein levels. Nevertheless, feeding a "very-low" protein infant formula may cause limited protein synthesis during a phase of rapid growth. For this reason, using a low-protein formula with an amino acid composition modified according on the estimated infant requirements was suggested. In this edition of the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Kouwenhoven et al. concluded that the use of a modified low protein formula (1.7 g protein/100 kcal) is safe. Therefore, if this data is confirmed by longer follow up, the current European legal standards for protein amount in infant formula could be reduced with a potential reduction of the later risk of childhood obesity.
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