A 20-sec Stepping Test and KINECTTM Sensor Provides Objective Quantification of Movement/Balance Dysfunction in Older Individuals

Exp Aging Res. 2020 May-Jun;46(3):244-256. doi: 10.1080/0361073X.2020.1743928. Epub 2020 Mar 21.

Abstract

Background: Tests such as the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) are widely used measures of infirmity and burden of care. However, these scales are largely qualitative and especially problematic when assessing movement-based tasks. Effective, reliable analysis of human movement is technically complicated and expensive, but an infrared depth sensor is potentially a low-cost, portable devise which may provide a quantitative aspect to clinical testing. Our purpose was to assess the utility of a 20-sec stepping test (ST) and KinectTM infrared-depth sensor in providing objective evaluation of balance toward identifying disability in older adults.Methods: Men and women between 64 and 90 years of age, consisting of independent (IG; n = 37) and dependent (DG; n = 38) living at community, geriatric day-care center in Japan. Total movement distance (TMD) and greatest displacement (MMD) were calculated from KinectTM recording of the ST.Results: DG had lower FIM scores than IG. TMD and MMD were significantly greater in DG than IG, while step number and rate were lower in DG. Receiver-operator characteristic analysis showed TMD, TMD/step, MMDstep, and MMD corrected for time and height strongly discriminated between assignment to DG or IG with moderate sensitivity and specificity.Conclusions: Greater TMD and MMD observed during a 20-sec ST appear to indicate disability with moderate sensitivity and specificity in older adults. Measures of movement distance (e.g. TMD, MMD) appear indicative of changes in dynamic balance due to a circuitous movement pattern generated by aberrant step replacement with repeated stepping-in-place.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Aging*
  • Exercise Test
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Japan
  • Male
  • Movement*
  • Postural Balance