Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Related to Lipoprotein Metabolism Are Associated with Blood Lipid Changes following Regular Avocado Intake in a Randomized Control Trial among Adults with Overweight and Obesity

Bridget A Hannon; Caitlyn G Edwards; Sharon V Thompson; Ginger E Reeser; Nicholas A Burd; Hannah D Holscher; Margarita Teran-Garcia; Naiman A Khan

doi:10.1093/jn/nxaa054

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Related to Lipoprotein Metabolism Are Associated with Blood Lipid Changes following Regular Avocado Intake in a Randomized Control Trial among Adults with Overweight and Obesity

J Nutr. 2020 Jun 1;150(6):1379-1387. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxaa054.

Authors

Bridget A Hannon¹, Caitlyn G Edwards¹, Sharon V Thompson¹, Ginger E Reeser², Nicholas A Burd^{1

2}, Hannah D Holscher^{1

2

3}, Margarita Teran-Garcia^{1

4}, Naiman A Khan^{1

3}

Affiliations

¹ Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
² Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
³ Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
⁴ Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.

PMID: 32195538
DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa054

Abstract

Background: Avocados are rich in unsaturated fat and fiber; clinical trials have investigated their effects on metabolic disease. There is high variability in individual changes following avocado consumption, which may be in part due to individual genetic differences.

Objective: Secondary analyses of the Persea americana for Total Health (PATH) Study were used to examine how single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) impact blood lipid changes following a daily meal containing avocado compared with control.

Methods: Adults (n = 115, 37% male) aged 25-45 y with overweight and obesity were randomly assigned to receive a daily isocaloric meal with (intervention) or without (control) a standardized amount (males: 175 g; females: 140 g) of avocado for 12 wk. Control meals were higher in saturated fat (17% of energy compared with 7%) and lower in fiber (4 g compared with 16 g) than intervention meals. Whole venous blood was taken at baseline and 12 wk to determine total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and triglyceride (TG) concentrations. Seventeen SNPs in 10 genes related to lipoprotein metabolism were genotyped. Effects of SNP, diet, and SNP-diet interactions were determined using general linear models.

Results: No group-by-time effects were detected for changes in TC (P = 0.96), HDL cholesterol (P = 0.28), or TG (P = 0.06) over 12 wk. Three SNP-diet interactions were associated with final TC concentrations: ANGPTL3-rs10889337 (P = 0.01), ANGPTL4-rs2278236 (P = 0.02), and CD36-rs10499859 (P = 0.01). SNPs in GCKR and LPL were associated with TC changes (P = 0.01). The interaction between GCKR-rs1260326 and diet was such that C-homozygotes receiving avocado (n = 23) had final TC concentrations that were significantly lower than the C-homozygotes in the control group (n = 20) (P = 0.02).

Conclusions: Results from these exploratory analyses indicate that avocado consumption may help manage dyslipidemia in adults with overweight and obesity; however, effectiveness may differ by genetic profile. Understanding the role of genetic variation in variability following dietary intervention can potentially inform personalized nutrition recommendations.

Keywords: dietary fiber; dyslipidemia; genetics; obesity; unsaturated fat.

Publication types

Randomized Controlled Trial
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

MeSH terms

Adult
Female
Humans
Lipids / blood*
Lipoproteins / metabolism*
Male
Middle Aged
Obesity / metabolism*
Overweight / metabolism*
Persea*
Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide*

Substances

Lipids
Lipoproteins