Identification and management of marine envenomations in pediatric patients

Pediatr Emerg Med Pract. 2020 Apr;17(4):1-24. Epub 2020 Apr 2.

Abstract

Marine envenomations can cause a diverse array of clinical syndromes. Systemic and life-threatening reactions, as well as delayed presentations, can occur. The pediatric population is at higher risk for serious reactions to envenomations because their greater body surface area and smaller body mass can lead to a higher relative venom load. Although the majority of the literature on marine envenomations is of low quality, the available literature does suggest that management varies depending on the geographic location. This issue reviews both common and life-threatening presentations of marine envenomations, highlights key aspects of the history and physical examination that will help narrow the differential, and offers recommendations for management based on the envenomating creature and geographic location.

Publication types

  • Case Reports
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Acetic Acid / therapeutic use
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / therapeutic use
  • Antivenins / therapeutic use
  • Bites and Stings / complications
  • Bites and Stings / diagnosis*
  • Bites and Stings / therapy*
  • Child
  • Child, Preschool
  • Critical Pathways
  • Diagnosis, Differential
  • Emergency Medical Services
  • Emergency Service, Hospital
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Marine Toxins / poisoning*
  • Medical History Taking
  • Pain / etiology
  • Pain Management
  • Physical Examination
  • Therapeutic Irrigation

Substances

  • Anti-Bacterial Agents
  • Antivenins
  • Marine Toxins
  • Acetic Acid