Abstract
Serrated adenocarcinoma (SAC) is a tumor recognized by the WHO as a histological subtype accounting for around 9% of colorectal carcinomas. Compared to conventional carcinomas, SACs are characterized by a worse prognosis, weak development of the immune response, an active invasive front and a frequent resistance to targeted therapy due to a high occurrence of KRAS or BRAF mutation. Nonetheless, several high-throughput studies have recently been carried out unveiling the biology of this cancer and identifying potential molecular targets, favoring a future histologically based treatment. This review revises the current evidence, aiming to propose potential molecular targets and specific treatments for this aggressive tumor.
Keywords:
angiogenesis; colorectal cancer; immune response; invasive front; molecular targets; serrated adenocarcinoma.
MeSH terms
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Adenocarcinoma / drug therapy
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Adenocarcinoma / pathology
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Angiogenesis Inhibitors / therapeutic use*
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Antineoplastic Agents / therapeutic use*
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Biomarkers, Tumor / genetics
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Colorectal Neoplasms / drug therapy*
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Colorectal Neoplasms / pathology*
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Humans
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Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / antagonists & inhibitors
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Microsatellite Instability
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Neovascularization, Pathologic / drug therapy*
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Neovascularization, Pathologic / pathology
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Prognosis
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Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf / genetics
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Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras) / genetics
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Tumor Escape / immunology
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Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / antagonists & inhibitors
Substances
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Angiogenesis Inhibitors
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Antineoplastic Agents
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Biomarkers, Tumor
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HIF1A protein, human
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Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit
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KRAS protein, human
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VEGFA protein, human
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Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
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BRAF protein, human
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Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf
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Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)