Partial Achievement of the 90-90-90 UNAIDS Target in a Cohort of HIV Infected Patients from Central Italy

Elisabetta Schiaroli; Giuseppe Vittorio De Socio; Chiara Gabrielli; Chiara Papalini; Marco Nofri; Franco Baldelli; Daniela Francisci

doi:10.4084/MJHID.2020.017

Partial Achievement of the 90-90-90 UNAIDS Target in a Cohort of HIV Infected Patients from Central Italy

Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis. 2020 Mar 1;12(1):e2020017. doi: 10.4084/MJHID.2020.017. eCollection 2020.

Authors

Elisabetta Schiaroli¹, Giuseppe Vittorio De Socio¹, Chiara Gabrielli¹, Chiara Papalini¹, Marco Nofri¹, Franco Baldelli¹, Daniela Francisci¹

Affiliation

¹ Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.

Abstract

Background: Despite progress in the prevention and treatment of HIV, persistent issues concerning the evaluation of continuum in care from the serological diagnosis to virologic success remains. Considering the 2020 UNAIDS target 90-90-90 for diagnosis, treatment, and viral suppression of people living with HIV (PLWH), our purpose was to verify if, starting from new diagnoses, the viral suppression rate of our cohort of new PLWH satisfied the second and the third steps.

Methods: This retrospective study regards all patients aged ≥15 undergoing HIV test at our clinic between January 2005 and December 2017. We evaluated the second and the third '90 UNAIDS targets and the unclaimed tests, linkage to care, retention in ART, and the viral suppression at 1 and 2 years. Logistic regression (odds ratio, 95% confidence interval) was performed.

Results: We observed 592 new diagnoses for HIV infection: 61.4% on Italians, 38.5% on foreigners. An antiretroviral treatment was started on 78.8% of the new diagnoses (467/592) (second UNAIDS target), and a viral suppression was obtained at 2 years on 82% of PLWH who had started ART (383/467) (third UNAIDS target), namely only 64.7% of the new diagnoses instead of the hoped-for 81% of the UNAIDS target. Logistic regressions demonstrated that second and third '90 UNAIDS targets were unrelated to sex, nationality, CD4 cells count, HIV-RNA and CDC stage (p>0.05). The age class 25-50 years (OR=2.24; 95% CI = 1.06-4.37; p=0.04) achieves more likely viral suppression when compared with patients <25 years. Considering the continuum of care, 88 (15%) PLWH were lost to engagement in care (55 unclaimed tests and 33 unlinked to care), 37 didn't start ART, 51 were LFTU at 2 years.

Conclusions: UNAIDS goal was far to be reached. The main challenges were unreturned tests as well as the retention in ART. Rapid tests for a test-treat strategy and frequent phone communications in the first ART years could facilitate UNAIDS target achievement.

Keywords: Engagement in care; Foreigners; HIV; UNAIDS endpoint.