Volatile and semivolatile organic compound emissions from polymers used in commercial products during thermal degradation

Miyuki Noguchi; Akihiro Yamasaki

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03314

Volatile and semivolatile organic compound emissions from polymers used in commercial products during thermal degradation

Heliyon. 2020 Mar 3;6(3):e03314. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03314. eCollection 2020 Mar.

Authors

Miyuki Noguchi¹, Akihiro Yamasaki¹

Affiliation

¹ Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Seikei University, 3-3-1 Kichijoji-kitamachi, Musashino, Tokyo, 180-8633, Japan.

Abstract

Emissions of volatile and semivolatile organic compounds from various kinds of polymer sheets during thermal degradation process were determined by the passive flux sampling method. The polymer sheets used were commercial products made of: polyethylene (PE), ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA), polypropylene (PP), polyacetal (POM), polycarbonate (PC)), and polymer sheet samples: poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polystyrene (PS) and four types of poly vinyl chloride (PVC) with different contents of additives; (bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP)), and triphenylphosphine (TPP)). The emission fluxes from the polymer sheets were measured for up to 30 days stored under a constant temperature (25-75 °C). Emission of various kinds of chemicals were observed from PVC sheets including and products of polymer degradation, while emission of hydrocarbons were dominant from PE, PP and EVA, and the emission of an additive (DEP) only was observed from PMMA, PET, POM and PC. The TVOC (total VOC) emission rates from PVC sheets with DEHP and TPP (soft PVCs) were in the range of 30-120 mg m^{-2 h-1} at 50 °C, which were much higher than the TVOC emission rates from other polymers. The emission rates for these chemicals for the same sampling period increased dramatically as the temperature increased. The temperature-dependences of the emission rates from the soft PVC sheet for a given sampling period could be expressed using an Arrhenius-type equation, and the apparent emission activation energy E _A , correlated well with the enthalpy of vaporization ΔH _VAP by the following empirical equation. $E_{A} = 2.27 Δ H_{vap} - 115$ We also found that the emission rates of chemicals changed with time with different changing characters, and the activation energy decreased with the progress of the polymer degradation.

Keywords: Air quality; Atmospheric chemistry; Environmental analysis; Environmental chemical engineering; Environmental hazard; Semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) volatile organic compounds (VOCs) polymeric materials emissions passive flux sampling; Waste treatment.