Adverse childhood experiences and chronic lung diseases in adulthood: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Eur J Psychotraumatol. 2020 Feb 6;11(1):1720336. doi: 10.1080/20008198.2020.1720336. eCollection 2020.

Abstract

Background: Adverse childhood experiences (ACE) affect physical and mental health and may appear as risk factors for the development of different conditions in adult life. Objective: To perform a literature review and meta-analysis on risk indicators for the development of chronic lung diseases in adulthood associated with ACE. Method: We conducted a systematic literature review according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines using the online databases PubMed, PsycINFO, and Web of Science. Quantitative studies involving male and female adults were included. Fixed- and random-effect models were used in the estimation of meta-analytical measures. The heterogeneity between studies was assessed using I2 statistics and Cochran's Q test. Results: A total of 19 studies were selected for the meta-analysis. The analyses showed statistically significant associations between ACE and lung diseases in general (OR = 1.41; CI 95%: 1.28-1.54), besides specific associations with asthma (OR = 1.32; CI 95%: 1.13-1.50) and COPD (OR = 1.44; CI 95%: 1.13-1.76). When the mediating effect of smoking was assessed separately we found a significant - although not quite expressive - association (OR = 1.06; CI 95%: 1.02 to 1.10), which weakens the hypothesis that a direct relationship exists between childhood trauma and the occurrence of lung diseases. Conclusions: ACE are an important risk factor for the development of lung diseases in adulthood, whether through direct or indirect contribution to this outcome, which highlights the relevance of increasing the awareness of health staff for the early detection and intervention in situations of vulnerability or risk in childhood as an important preventative measure.

Antecedentes: Experiencias infantiles adversas (ACE) afectan la salud física y mental y pueden aparecer como factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de diferentes afecciones en la vida adulta.Objetivo: realizar una revisión de la literatura y un metanálisis sobre indicadores de riesgo para el desarrollo de enfermedades pulmonares crónicas en la edad adulta asociadas con ACE.Método: Realizamos una revisión sistemática de la literatura de acuerdo con las pautas PRISMA (Elementos de Referencia para Revisiones Sistemáticas y Metaanálisis) utilizando las bases de datos en línea PubMed, PsycINFO y Web of Science. Se incluyeron estudios cuantitativos con hombres y mujeres adultos. Se utilizaron modelos de efectos fijos y aleatorios en la estimación de medidas meta-analíticas. La heterogeneidad entre los estudios se evaluó mediante estadísticas I 2 y la prueba Q de Cochran.Resultados: Se seleccionaron un total de 19 estudios para el metanálisis. Los análisis mostraron asociaciones estadísticamente significativas entre el ACE y las enfermedades pulmonares en general (OR = 1.41; IC 95%: 1.28–1.54), además de asociaciones específicas con el asma (OR = 1.32; IC 95%: 1.13 – 1.50) y EPOC (OR = 1,44; IC 95%: 1,13–1,76). Cuando el efecto mediador del tabaquismo se evaluó por separado, encontramos una asociación significativa (aunque no del todo clara) (OR = 1.06; IC 95%: 1.02 a 1.10), lo que debilita la hipótesis de que existe una relación directa entre el trauma infantil y la ocurrencia de enfermedades pulmonares.Conclusiónes: las experiencias ACE son un factor de riesgo importante para el desarrollo de enfermedades pulmonares en la edad adulta, ya sea a través de una contribución directa o indirecta, lo que resalta la relevancia de aumentar la conciencia del personal de salud para la detección temprana y la intervención en situaciones de vulnerabilidad o riesgo en la infancia como una medida preventiva importante.

背景:童年期不良经历 (ACE) 影响身体和精神健康, 可能成为成年生活中不同疾病发展的风险因素。目标:对与ACE相关的成年期慢性肺部疾病发展的风险指标进行系统综述和元分析。方法:我们根据PRISMA (系统综述和元分析的首选报告项目) 指南, 使用在线数据库PubMed, PsycINFO和Web of Science进行了系统的文献综述。包括涉及成年男性, 女性的定量研究。固定效应和随机效应模型用于元分析的估计。研究间的异质性使用I 2统计量和Cochran’s Q检验进行了评估。结果:共选择了19项研究进行元分析。分析显示, 除了与哮喘 (OR = 1.32; CI 95%:1.13–1.50) 和COPD (OR = 1.44; CI 95%:1.13–1.76) 的特定关联, ACE与肺部疾病总体有显著相关。当单独评估吸烟的中介作用时, 我们发现了显著但不突出的关联 (OR = 1.06; CI 95%:1.02–1.10), 削弱了童年期创伤与肺部疾病的发生之间存在直接关系的假设。结论:ACE是成年后肺部疾病发展的重要风险因素, 无论是通过对结果的直接还是间接影响, 都强调了提高卫生人员早期发现和干预童年期易感或风险情境的意识作为重要预防措施的相关性。.

Keywords: Adverse childhood experiences; COPD; asthma; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; meta-analysis; stress; • Significant associations between ACE and lung diseases exist (OR = 1.41; CI 95%: 1.28–1.54).• Controlling smoking this risk is greatly decreased, becoming weak (OR = 1.06; CI 95%: 1.02 to 1.10).• The hypothesis that a direct relationship exists between childhood trauma and the occurrence of lung diseases is weak.• The ACE risk for asthma and COPD separately did not show expressive differences..

Publication types

  • Review

Grants and funding

São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP, São Paulo, Brazil) (process no. 2016/01801-5).The Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq, Brasília, Brazil) (process 301321/2016-7).