In the assessment of patients suspected for dementia, neuroimaging plays an important role in establishing the diagnosis and subtyping the underlying cause of the cognitive impairment. This chapter discusses how “normal aging” can be distinguished from neurodegenerative changes on imaging. Next, imaging findings for frequent and some less frequent causes of dementia are discussed, and how a systematic assessment of patterns of atrophy and vascular lesions may help in reaching an imaging diagnosis. Finally, recommendations are made for imaging protocols and reporting.
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