Introduction: The hospital sector has shifted its focus to advanced information and communication technologies to facilitate health care delivery through telehealth services to alleviate the industry's most pressing challenges in quality care and access, especially under changing reimbursement payment approaches. The aim of this study was to examine the association between alternative payment models (APMs), market competition, and telehealth provisions in the hospital setting. Materials and Methods: A secondary cross-sectional design to analyze 2018 census data of nonfederal short-term acute care hospitals in the United States was used. Multilevel logistic regressions models were used to analyze data from 4,257 hospitals across 1,874 counties. Counties with less than one hospital were excluded. Results: Regarding APMs, we found that hospital participation in accountable care organizations and participation in a bundled payment risk arrangement are significantly associated with the provision of telehealth services. From the market perspective, competitive advantage was found to be statistically associated with hospitals providing telehealth services. In addition, other hospital characteristics such as ownership, part of a system, part of a network, and major teaching affiliation also have impact on the provision of telehealth. Conclusions: The increase uptake of telehealth-related capabilities and their strong integration into care-delivery systems under APMs present exciting opportunities to enhance the merit of clinical care, and challenges as clinical professionals are not adept to using such technologies. There is a need to provide comprehensive of evidence on telehealth.
Keywords: accountable care organization; alternative payment model; bundled payment; telehealth; telemedicine.