Salivary biomarkers in the context of gingival inflammation in children with cystic fibrosis

Zeynep Pinar Keles Yucel; Angelika Silbereisen; Gulnur Emingil; Yavuz Tokgoz; Timur Kose; Timo Sorsa; Georgios Tsilingaridis; Nagihan Bostanci

doi:10.1002/JPER.19-0415

Salivary biomarkers in the context of gingival inflammation in children with cystic fibrosis

J Periodontol. 2020 Oct;91(10):1339-1347. doi: 10.1002/JPER.19-0415. Epub 2020 Apr 14.

Authors

Zeynep Pinar Keles Yucel¹, Angelika Silbereisen², Gulnur Emingil³, Yavuz Tokgoz⁴, Timur Kose⁵, Timo Sorsa^{2

6}, Georgios Tsilingaridis⁷, Nagihan Bostanci²

Affiliations

¹ Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey.
² Department of Dental Medicine, Section of Periodontology and Dental Prevention, Division of Oral Diseases, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
³ Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey.
⁴ Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey.
⁵ Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, School of Medicine, Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey.
⁶ Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Head and Neck Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
⁷ Department of Dental Medicine, Division of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

PMID: 32100289
DOI: 10.1002/JPER.19-0415

Abstract

Background: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a life-threatening chronic inflammatory disease in children due to respiratory complications. Saliva could serve as a reservoir of bacterial colonization and potentially reflect systemic inflammation. This study investigated whether salivary triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (TREM-1), peptidoglycan recognition protein 1 (PGLYRP1), interleukin (IL)-1β, and calprotectin are associated with CF or reflect concomitant gingival inflammation.

Methods: Ten CF (aged 3 to 12 years) and 10 systemically healthy (SH) age- and sex-matched children (C) were enrolled in the study. Individuals with CF underwent routine laboratory determinations. Probing depth, gingival index (GI), plaque index (PI), and bleeding on probing (BOP) were recorded on fully erupted teeth and saliva samples collected. Salivary TREM-1, PGLYRP1, IL-1β, and calprotectin were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results: Children with CF had significantly higher BOP scores (P = 0.001) and calprotectin levels (P = 0.017) compared with the C group. TREM-1, PGLYRP1, and IL-1β could not distinguish between CF and SH but showed positive correlation with GI, PI, and BOP in both groups. Calprotectin levels positively correlated with procalcitonin (P = 0.014), thrombocyte counts (P = 0.001), mean platelet volume (P = 0.030), and with PGLYRP1 (P = 0.019) and IL-1β (P = 0.013) in CF children. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis for calprotectin (CFvsC) showed an area under the curve of 0.79 (95% CI 0.58 to 0.99, P = 0.034).

Conclusions: CF children presented with higher gingival inflammation scores and salivary calprotectin levels, that correlated with systemic inflammatory markers. Salivary calprotectin levels were not associated with periodontal parameters. Hence, preliminary data demonstrate that salivary calprotectin might have a chairside diagnostic potential for CF in children.

Keywords: TREM-1 protein; biomarkers; calprotectin; cystic fibrosis; gingivitis; saliva.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Biomarkers
Child
Child, Preschool
Cystic Fibrosis* / complications
Gingivitis*
Humans
Inflammation
Saliva

Substances

Biomarkers