[Alveoloplasty and the use of osteosynthesis material in the cleft lip palate]

Abstract

Objectives: To compare the results of secondary alveoloplasty performed in one Hospital when osteosynthesis material was used and when the bone graft does not require this material, and relating them to factors such as gender and age.

Material and methods: A retrospective study was conducted from the years 2014 to 2019 in this Hospital on the selected patients who met the inclusion criteria. Two periods of ages, period A: ages between 5-12 years (mixed secondary alveoloplasty) and period B: greater than 12 years (late secondary alveoloplasty). Autologous bone from the iliac crest or parietal calotte was used for the bone graft. The patients were divided into 2 groups: group I: patients with alveoloplasties that required osteosynthesis material. Group II: patients who did not require osteosynthesis material. Parameters evaluated: the success criteria for alveoloplasty were assessed according to the clinical parameters described by Precious. Alveoloplasty was successful if they met all the criteria of Precious in the year of intervention. Postoperative complications in both groups were evaluated. The statistical analysis was performed using the exact Fisher test for qualitative variables.

Results: Alveoloplasty was successful in 89.4% of patients in group I, while it was 90.3% in group II. Alveoloplasty was successful in 87.5% of females compared to 91.17% of males. The intervention was a success in 91.48% of patients in group A, compared to 66.6% in group B. The osteosynthesis material in two patients of group I was not degraded in the annual assessment. There were no significant differences in any of the comparisons.

Conclusions: The use of osteosynthesis material does not alter the integration of the bone graft in patients that undergo alveoloplasty. Factors such as gender or age do not influence the results of the interventions.

Keywords: Alveolar bone graft; Alveoloplastia; Alveoloplasty; Cleft lip and palate; Fisura labiopalatina; Injerto óseo alveolar; Material de osteosíntesis; Osteosynthesis material.