In silico multi-scale analysis of remodeling peri-implant cortical bone: a comparison of two types of bone structures following an undersized and non-undersized technique

Abstract

Purpose: The aim of this multi-scale in silico study was to evaluate the influence of resorption cavities on the mechanical properties and load distribution in cortical bone after implant placement with two different drilling protocols.

Material and methods: Two different micro-scale bone structures were assessed: cortical bone models with cavities (test) and without cavities (control) were designed from μCT data. In a macro-scale model, representing a mandibular ridge, oblique load of 150 N was applied on the implant-abutment. Maximum principal stress/strain, and shear stress/strain were calculated in the macro- and micro-scale models.

Results: Test presented anisotropic material properties. In tests, significantly greater maximum values of Maximum principal stress/strain were calculated in micro-scale model. These values were located at the implant neck area in the macro-scale model and in the proximity of cavities in the micro-scale model respectively. Greater values of shear stress/strain were found in the test along the mandibular horizontal plane.

Conclusions: Cortical bone with resorption cavities following undersized drilling showed an impaired load distribution compared with bone without cavities. Subsequently, stress/strain distribution suggests that this bone model is more prone to microdamage, thus delaying the healing process.

Keywords: Bone remodeling; Dental implant; Multi-scale analysis; Resorption cavities; Undersized osteotomy.