Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) are acquired immune system in bacteria and archaea. This system is used in site-directed gene editing. Recently, scientists discovered new CRISPR-associated (Cas) proteins, in which Cas12a-mediated gene editing can significantly reduce the off-target rate. In this article, we review CRISPR/Cas system's discovery of history, composition, classification, and working principle. The latest research progress of the CRISPR/Cas system, and its application in zebrafish are introduced.
规律成簇间隔的短回文序列 (Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats，CRISPR) 是细菌和古菌中的获得性免疫系统，利用该系统能定点进行基因编辑。最近，科学家发现了新的CRISPR-associated (Cas)蛋白，其中由Cas12a 介导的基因编辑能显著降低脱靶率。文中对CRISPR/Cas 系统的发现历史、组成和分类、工作原理进行概述，并总结了该系统的最新研究进展及在斑马鱼Danio rerio 中的应用。.
Keywords: CRISPR/Cas; gene editing; zebrafish.