Introduction: In the last few years the surgical treatment of patients with maxillary sinus disease has shifted from more invasive maneuvers to more conservative approaches in order to save intraoral mucosa. Recently, some authors have proposed a modification to the classical Caldwell-Luc's approach (CL) for the removal of dental implants displaced into the maxillary sinus. The modified approach involves a fenestrated approach to the maxillary sinus. The bony pedicled windows of maxillary sinus in some selected cases may limit some of the most common complications and it may reduce healing times.
Evidence acquisition: Evaluation of the middle term results of a maxillary fenestrated sinus approach as an alternative technique to CL and review of literature.
Evidence synthesis: From 2013 to 2017 thirty-one patients were treated with the CL modified technique, most of which for foreign bodies, displacement of endodontic material and implants in the maxillary sinus, large mucoceles and odontogenic maxillary sinusitis. All patients were subjected to clinical, and in some cases radiological, from 6 months to 18 months follow-up. Different combinations of Keywords and MeSH term were used for the bibliographic research in the main search engines (PubMed, Cochrane library, Medline). Inclusion criteria - fenestrated approach to the maxillary sinus, postoperative complications, description of the operative case.
Conclusions: No complications occurred in the intraoperative period and during the months of follow-up. There has been no recurrence of the starting problem and all treated patients were free from residual maxillary pathology 18 months after surgery. Four works meeting the inclusion criteria were identified. The surgical fenestrated approach to the maxillary sinus is a valid alternative to the classical Caldwell-Luc techniques that, alone or in combination with endoscopic sinus surgery, allow to treat foreign bodies of maxillary sinus, of mucoceles and other diseases of the maxillary sinus. The proposed technique does not require particular surgical skills, it does not increase the operating time and can also be performed under local anesthesia.