Novel insights into the intestinal immune regulatory effects of (2-Carboxyethyl) dimethylsulfonium Bromide (Br-DMPT) in on-growing grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)

Xing-Wei Liu; Lin Feng; Wei-Dan Jiang; Pei Wu; De-Min Yang; Ling Tang; Sheng-Yao Kuang; He-Qun Shi; Xiao-Qiu Zhou; Yang Liu

doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2020.01.053

Novel insights into the intestinal immune regulatory effects of (2-Carboxyethyl) dimethylsulfonium Bromide (Br-DMPT) in on-growing grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)

Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2020 Mar:98:534-550. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.01.053. Epub 2020 Jan 28.

Authors

Xing-Wei Liu¹, Lin Feng², Wei-Dan Jiang³, Pei Wu³, De-Min Yang¹, Ling Tang⁴, Sheng-Yao Kuang⁴, He-Qun Shi⁵, Xiao-Qiu Zhou⁶, Yang Liu⁷

Affiliations

¹ Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
² Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety in Production Sichuan University Key Laboratory, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Sichuan Province, China.
³ Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety in Production Sichuan University Key Laboratory, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, China.
⁴ Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu, 610066, China.
⁵ Guangzhou Cohoo Biotech Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, 510663, China.
⁶ Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety in Production Sichuan University Key Laboratory, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Sichuan Province, China. Electronic address: zhouxq@sicau.edu.cn.
⁷ Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety in Production Sichuan University Key Laboratory, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China. Electronic address: kyckgk@hotmail.com.

PMID: 32004614
DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.01.053

Abstract

The present study evaluated the effects of (2-Carboxyethyl)dimethylsulfonium Bromide (Br-DMPT) supplementation on the intestinal immune function and potential mechanisms of on-growing grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) by feeding fish (initial weight 216.49 ± 0.29 g) five diets with gradational Br-DMPT (0-520 mg/kg diet) concentrations for 60 days and then infecting them with Aeromonas hydrophila for 14 days. Our results firstly indicated that compared with the control group, appropriate Br-DMPT supplementation increased the number of beneficial bacteria Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium and enteritis resistance, decreased the number of detrimental bacteria Aeromonas and E. coli, and relieved the intestinal histopathological symptoms of fish. In addition, compared with the control group, appropriate Br-DMPT supplementation (1) increased lysozyme (LZ) and acid phosphatase (ACP) activities, as well as complement 3 (C3), C4 and immunoglobulin M (IgM) content; (2) upregulated the mRNA levels of anti-microbial substance: liver expressed anti-microbial peptide (LEAP) -2A, LEAP-2B, hepcidin, β-defensin-1 and Mucin2; (3) partially downregulated the mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines [interleukin 1β (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-8, IL-12p40, IL-15, IL-17D, tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interferon γ2 (IFN-γ2)] by inhibiting [IKKβ/IκBα/(NF-κBp65 and c-Rel)] signalling; and (4) partially upregulated the mRNA levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines [IL-4/13A, IL-10, IL-11, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1] by activating [TOR/(S6K1 and 4E-BP)] signalling. The aforementioned results indicated that appropriate amount of Br-DMPT exerted a positive effect on the regulation of intestinal immune function in fish. Finally, based on enteritis morbidity, the IgM content and the lysozyme activity in the PI, the appropriate levels of Br-DMPT supplementation for on-growing grass carp were established as 295.43, 301.73 and 320.36 mg/kg diet, respectively.

Keywords: 2-Carboxyethyl)dimethylsulfonium Bromide (Br-DMPT); Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella); Immune function; Intestine.

MeSH terms

Animals
Anti-Ulcer Agents / pharmacology
Carps*
Gene Expression Regulation / drug effects
Intestines / drug effects*
Intestines / immunology*
Intestines / microbiology
RNA, Messenger / genetics
RNA, Messenger / metabolism
Sulfonium Compounds / pharmacology*

Substances

Anti-Ulcer Agents
RNA, Messenger
Sulfonium Compounds
dimethylpropiothetin